Economic sociology analyzes economic phenomena such as markets, corporations, property rights, and work using the tools of sociology.

Family research in the field of sociology addresses patterns of change and variation in family behaviors and household relationships by social class, race/ethnicity, and gender.

Sociologists of inequality study the distribution of income, wealth, education, health and longevity, autonomy, status, prestige, political power, or other desired social goods, often (though not exclusively) across groups defined by social classes and occupations, race, gender, immigrant status, age, or sexual orientation

Mathematical sociology uses highly formalized models to understand social processes and social structures.

Demographers in the field of sociology carry out research on varied aspects of population composition, distribution, and change.

Social network analysis is a way of conceptualizing, describing, and modeling society as sets of people or groups linked to one another by specific relationships, whether these relationships are as tangible as exchange networks or as intangible as perceptions of each other.

Social psychologists study how behaviors and beliefs are shaped by the social context in which people are embedded.